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Parnassius apollo
Parnassius apollo (Photo: S. Beshkov, 2005).

Parnassius apollo

(Linnaeus, 1758)
Status — Red Data Book | European butterflies Republic of Bulgaria: Biological Diversity Act | Annex 2 CITES CORINE biotopes

The range of the species includes most larger mountainous regions of Europe to Tian Shan and West Siberia. In Bulgaria widely distributed in mountains from 300 (Stara Planina: Lakatnik) (Buresch & Popov, 1965: 63) to 2000 m (Rila: Ravna) (Abadjiev, 1991: 31). The species is listed in the Appendix II of the Bern Convention, CITES; included as vulnerable in Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren, 1999: 86). Protected in Bulgaria under the Biological Diversity Act.


Localities:

FM27: Garlyanska Bistritsa [River], Osogovo Mts, Kyustendil District, 42.2497N, 22.5694E: 1000—1600 m (Drenowski, 1930c: 31) • FM77: Dupnishka Bistritsa [River], Rila Mts, Kyustendil District, 42.2333N, 23.1667E: 1100 m (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • FM88: Panichishte [Resort], Kyustendil District: [1000 m] (Abadjiev, 2001: 50) • FM91: Lilyanovo [Village], Blagoevgrad District, 41.6167N, 23.3167E: 1000—1400 m (Drenowski, 1921: 121) • FM93: Bayuvi Dupki [Peak], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: [1800 m] (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • FM93: Kamenititsa [Peak], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: [1900 m] (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • FM96: Drushlyovitsa [River], Rila Mts, Kyustendil District: 1400 m (Drenowski, 1909c: 615, 617) • FM96: Ravna [Place], Rila Mts, Kyustendil District: 1600—2000 m (Abadjiev, 1991: 31) • FM96: Rilski Manastir, Rila Mts, Kyustendil District, 42.1333N, 23.3333E: [1207 m] (Züllich, 1936: 26) • FN24: Zelenigrad [Village], Pernik District, 42.838N, 22.562E: [1000 m] (Todorowa & Petkoff, 1915: 132) • FN81: Zlatnite Mostove [Place], Mt Vitosha, Sofia District: [1200 m] (Abadjiev, 2001: 51) • FN82: Dragalevski Manastir, Mt Vitosha, Sofia District: 1100—1200 m (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • FN82: Mt Lyulin, Sofia District (Abadjiev, 2001: 51) • FN82: Mt Vitosha, Sofia District (Abadjiev, 2001: 51) • FN82: Sofia (Knyzhevo): [800 m] (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • FN87: Gubislav [Village], Sofia District, 43.117N, 23.35E: [1000 m] (Abadjiev, 2001: 51) • FN91: Kokalyanski Manastir, Sofia District: 800 m (Bachmetjew, 1896—1897 (1896): 150) • FN95: Svoge [Town], Iskar Gorge, Sofia District, 42.967N, 23.35E: [300 m] (Buresch & Arndt, 1926: 386) • FN97: Lakatnik [Station], Iskar Gorge, Sofia District: [300 m] (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • FP31: Chuprene [Village], Vidin District, 43.5181N, 22.6661E: [556 m] (Abadjiev, 2001: 51) • GL18: Post 17, Mt Slavyanka, Blagoevgrad District: 1350 m (Tuleschkow, 1931: 191) • GL18: Post 18 (Leten), Mt Slavyanka, Blagoevgrad District: 1300—1700 m (Drenowski, 1936: 238) • GL18: S Goleshovo [Village], Mt Slavyanka, Blagoevgrad District, 41.433N, 23.6E: [800 m] (Drenowski, 1920: 239) • GL28: Hambar Dere, Mt Slavyanka, Blagoevgrad District: 1100—1400 m (Drenowski, 1936: 238) • GL28: Post 1 (Leten), Mt Slavyanka, Blagoevgrad District: 1500—1700 m (Drenowski, 1936: 238) • GM02: Banderitsa [River], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: 1600—1800 m (Buresch & Iltschew, 1921: 62) • GM03: Banderitsa [River], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: 900—1600 m (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • GM03: Banski Suhodol [Place], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: [1100 m] (Buresch, 1918: 140) • GM03: Bansko [Town], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District, 41.839N, 23.5E: 900—1000 m (Buresch & Iltschew, 1915: 169) • GM03: Demyanitsa [River], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: 1000 m (Buresch, 1918: 140) • GM06: Rilska Reka [River], Rila Mts: 1700 m (Abadjiev, 2001: 52) • GM07: Levi Iskar [River], Rila Mts (Nicholl, 1900: 66) • GM07: Sredonos [Place], Rila Mts: 1600 m (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • GM10: Orelek [Peak], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: 1550 m (Abadjiev, 2001: 52) • GM17: Zhelezni Vrata [Pass], Rila Mts, Sofia District (Apfelbeck, 1894: 551) • GM18: Bistritsa [River], Rila Mts, Sofia District: 1550 m (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • GM18: Borovets [Resort], Rila Mts, Sofia District, 42.26667N, 23.6E (Drenowski, 1909b: 74) • GM18: Chernata Skala [Place], Rila Mts, Sofia District, 42.26667N, 23.6E (Drenowski, 1909b: 76) • GM18: Orlovi Skali [Place], Rila Mts, Sofia District: 2000 m (Buresch & Popov, 1965: 63) • GM18: Slivnitsa [River], Rila Mts, Sofia District (Graves, 1928: 65, 82) • GM18: Sokolets [Peak], Rila Mts, Sofia District: 1100 m (Drenowski, 1909c: 616) • GM18: Varnika [Place], Rila Mts, Sofia District, 42.26667N, 23.6E (Graves, 1928: 65, 82) • GM19: Samokov [Town], Rila Mts, Sofia District, 42.333N, 23.55E (Abadjiev, 2001: 52) • GM25: Yakoruda [Town], Rila Mts, Blagoevgrad District, 42.025N, 23.684E: [1000 m] (Buresch & Iltschew, 1915: 169) • GM27: Kostenets [Town], Rila Mts, Sofia District (Nicholl, 1900: 68) • GM28: Raduil [Village], Rila Mts, Sofia District, 42.283N, 23.683E: 900 m (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • GM33: Chehlyovo [Place], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • GM33: Dospat [River], Rhodopi Mts (Abadjiev, 2001: 52) • GM35: Ablanitsa [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District, 41.98333N, 23.96667E: [1000 m] (Markowitsch, 1910: 81—82) • GM45: Velingrad [Town], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District, 42.017N, 24E: 1000 m (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • GM46: Elin Vrah [Peak], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District (Markowitsch, 1910: 81) • GM47: Golyamo Belovo [Village], Pazardzhik District, 42.183N, 23.983E: [300 m] (Buresch, 1914: 123) • GN08: Parshevitsa [Chalet], Vratsa District (Buresch & Popov, 1965: 64) • KG63: Beglika, Rhodopi Mts (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • KG64: Batak [Town], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District, 41.95N, 24.21667E: [800 m] (Buresch & Arndt, 1926: 386) • KG70: Buynovo [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.567N, 24.317E: [1000 m] (Abadjiev, 2001: 52) • KG71: Kastrakliy i Svinski Dol, Rhodopi Mts: 1000—1200 m (Slivov & Nestorova, 1985: 133) • KG75: Peshtera [Town], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District, 42.03333N, 24.3E: [400 m] (Markowitsch, 1910: 81) • KG80: Trigrad [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.6N, 24.383E: 1100—1200 m (Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • KG81: Chairska Reka [River], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District (Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • KG82: Devin [Town], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.733N, 24.4E: [800 m] (Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • KG83: Fotinovo [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District, 41.883N, 24.35E: [1000 m] (Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • KG91: Karlak [Peak], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District (Markowitsch, 1923: 124) • KG91: Shiroka Laka [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.683N, 24.583E: [1000 m] (Markowitsch, 1923: 124) • KG92: Zabardo [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.783N, 24.6E: [1000 m] (Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • LG00: Smolyan [Town], 41.585N, 24.692E: [1000 m] (Iltschew, 1915: 163) • LG01: Murgavets [Peak], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District (Iltschew, 1915: 163) • LG02: Chepelare [Town], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.733N, 24.683E: [1000 m] (Iltschew, 1915: 163) • LG03: Hvoyna [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.86666N, 24.68333E: [700 m] (Iltschew, 1915: 163) • LG04: Koshutek, Rhodopi Mts (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • LG13: Mina Persenk, Rhodopi Mts: [900 m] (Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • LG14: Narechenski Bani [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Plovdiv District, 41.9N, 24.75E: [500 m] (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • LG24: Chervenata Stena, Rhodopi Mts, Plovdiv District (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • LH04: Kozya Stena, Stara Planina Range: [1000 m] (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • LH12: Nezabravka Chalet, Stara Planina Range (Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • LH22: Ray Chalet, Stara Planina Range: 800 m (Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • LH23: Botev Peak, Stara Planina Range: 2000 m (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • LH23: Zhaltets Peak, Stara Planina Range: 1800—2000 m (Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • LH33: Rusaliyski Prohod, [Pass], Stara Planina Range (Buresch, 1940: 245) • LH63: Shipchenski Prohod [Pass], Stara Zagora District: 1300 m (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • LH64: Gabrovo [Town], 42.875N, 25.334E: [400 m] (Eisner, 1957b: 196) • LH82: Borushtitsa, Stara Planina Range (Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • MH13: Chumerna [Peak], Stara Planina Range, Sliven District: [1100 m] (Tschorbadjiew, 1919: 182) • MH42: Sliven [Town], 42.686N, 26.329E: [300 m] (Tschorbadjiew, 1919: 182) • MH43: Kutelka [Place], Sliven District: [900 m] (Rebel, 1903: 158) • MH54: Kotel [Town], Sliven District, 42.883N, 26.45E: [500 m] (Bachmetjew, 1902: 397).


UTM map of the known distribution of Parnassius apollo in Bulgaria
UTM map of the known distribution of Parnassius apollo in Bulgaria.