Parnassius apollo (Photo: S. Beshkov, 2005).
Parnassius apollo
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Status —
The range of the species includes most larger mountainous regions of Europe to Tian Shan and West Siberia. In Bulgaria widely distributed in mountains from 300 (Stara Planina: Lakatnik) (
Buresch & Popov, 1965: 63) to 2000 m (Rila: Ravna) (
Abadjiev, 1991: 31). The species is listed in the Appendix II of the Bern Convention, CITES; included as vulnerable in Red Data Book of European butterflies (
van Swaay & Warren, 1999: 86). Protected in Bulgaria under the Biological Diversity Act.
Localities:
FM27:
Garlyanska Bistritsa [River], Osogovo Mts, Kyustendil District, 42.2497N, 22.5694E: 1000—1600 m (
Drenowski, 1930c: 31) • FM77:
Dupnishka Bistritsa [River], Rila Mts, Kyustendil District, 42.2333N, 23.1667E: 1100 m (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • FM88:
Panichishte [Resort], Kyustendil District: [1000 m] (
Abadjiev, 2001: 50) • FM91:
Lilyanovo [Village], Blagoevgrad District, 41.6167N, 23.3167E: 1000—1400 m (
Drenowski, 1921: 121) • FM93:
Bayuvi Dupki [Peak], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: [1800 m] (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • FM93:
Kamenititsa [Peak], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: [1900 m] (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • FM96:
Drushlyovitsa [River], Rila Mts, Kyustendil District: 1400 m (
Drenowski, 1909c: 615, 617) • FM96:
Ravna [Place], Rila Mts, Kyustendil District: 1600—2000 m (
Abadjiev, 1991: 31) • FM96:
Rilski Manastir, Rila Mts, Kyustendil District, 42.1333N, 23.3333E: [1207 m] (
Züllich, 1936: 26) • FN24:
Zelenigrad [Village], Pernik District, 42.838N, 22.562E: [1000 m] (
Todorowa & Petkoff, 1915: 132) • FN81:
Zlatnite Mostove [Place], Mt Vitosha, Sofia District: [1200 m] (
Abadjiev, 2001: 51) • FN82:
Dragalevski Manastir, Mt Vitosha, Sofia District: 1100—1200 m (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • FN82:
Mt Lyulin, Sofia District (
Abadjiev, 2001: 51) • FN82:
Mt Vitosha, Sofia District (
Abadjiev, 2001: 51) • FN82:
Sofia (Knyzhevo): [800 m] (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • FN87:
Gubislav [Village], Sofia District, 43.117N, 23.35E: [1000 m] (
Abadjiev, 2001: 51) • FN91:
Kokalyanski Manastir, Sofia District: 800 m (
Bachmetjew, 1896—1897 (1896): 150) • FN95:
Svoge [Town], Iskar Gorge, Sofia District, 42.967N, 23.35E: [300 m] (
Buresch & Arndt, 1926: 386) • FN97:
Lakatnik [Station], Iskar Gorge, Sofia District: [300 m] (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • FP31:
Chuprene [Village], Vidin District, 43.5181N, 22.6661E: [556 m] (
Abadjiev, 2001: 51) • GL18:
Post 17, Mt Slavyanka, Blagoevgrad District: 1350 m (
Tuleschkow, 1931: 191) • GL18:
Post 18 (Leten), Mt Slavyanka, Blagoevgrad District: 1300—1700 m (
Drenowski, 1936: 238) • GL18:
S Goleshovo [Village], Mt Slavyanka, Blagoevgrad District, 41.433N, 23.6E: [800 m] (
Drenowski, 1920: 239) • GL28:
Hambar Dere, Mt Slavyanka, Blagoevgrad District: 1100—1400 m (
Drenowski, 1936: 238) • GL28:
Post 1 (Leten), Mt Slavyanka, Blagoevgrad District: 1500—1700 m (
Drenowski, 1936: 238) • GM02:
Banderitsa [River], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: 1600—1800 m (
Buresch & Iltschew, 1921: 62) • GM03:
Banderitsa [River], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: 900—1600 m (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • GM03:
Banski Suhodol [Place], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: [1100 m] (
Buresch, 1918: 140) • GM03:
Bansko [Town], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District, 41.839N, 23.5E: 900—1000 m (
Buresch & Iltschew, 1915: 169) • GM03:
Demyanitsa [River], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: 1000 m (
Buresch, 1918: 140) • GM06:
Rilska Reka [River], Rila Mts: 1700 m (
Abadjiev, 2001: 52) • GM07:
Levi Iskar [River], Rila Mts (
Nicholl, 1900: 66) • GM07:
Sredonos [Place], Rila Mts: 1600 m (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • GM10:
Orelek [Peak], Pirin Mts, Blagoevgrad District: 1550 m (
Abadjiev, 2001: 52) • GM17:
Zhelezni Vrata [Pass], Rila Mts, Sofia District (
Apfelbeck, 1894: 551) • GM18:
Bistritsa [River], Rila Mts, Sofia District: 1550 m (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • GM18:
Borovets [Resort], Rila Mts, Sofia District, 42.26667N, 23.6E (
Drenowski, 1909b: 74) • GM18:
Chernata Skala [Place], Rila Mts, Sofia District, 42.26667N, 23.6E (
Drenowski, 1909b: 76) • GM18:
Orlovi Skali [Place], Rila Mts, Sofia District: 2000 m (
Buresch & Popov, 1965: 63) • GM18:
Slivnitsa [River], Rila Mts, Sofia District (
Graves, 1928: 65, 82) • GM18:
Sokolets [Peak], Rila Mts, Sofia District: 1100 m (
Drenowski, 1909c: 616) • GM18:
Varnika [Place], Rila Mts, Sofia District, 42.26667N, 23.6E (
Graves, 1928: 65, 82) • GM19:
Samokov [Town], Rila Mts, Sofia District, 42.333N, 23.55E (
Abadjiev, 2001: 52) • GM25:
Yakoruda [Town], Rila Mts, Blagoevgrad District, 42.025N, 23.684E: [1000 m] (
Buresch & Iltschew, 1915: 169) • GM27:
Kostenets [Town], Rila Mts, Sofia District (
Nicholl, 1900: 68) • GM28:
Raduil [Village], Rila Mts, Sofia District, 42.283N, 23.683E: 900 m (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • GM33:
Chehlyovo [Place], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • GM33:
Dospat [River], Rhodopi Mts (
Abadjiev, 2001: 52) • GM35:
Ablanitsa [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District, 41.98333N, 23.96667E: [1000 m] (
Markowitsch, 1910: 81—82) • GM45:
Velingrad [Town], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District, 42.017N, 24E: 1000 m (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • GM46:
Elin Vrah [Peak], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District (
Markowitsch, 1910: 81) • GM47:
Golyamo Belovo [Village], Pazardzhik District, 42.183N, 23.983E: [300 m] (
Buresch, 1914: 123) • GN08:
Parshevitsa [Chalet], Vratsa District (
Buresch & Popov, 1965: 64) • KG63:
Beglika, Rhodopi Mts (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • KG64:
Batak [Town], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District, 41.95N, 24.21667E: [800 m] (
Buresch & Arndt, 1926: 386) • KG70:
Buynovo [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.567N, 24.317E: [1000 m] (
Abadjiev, 2001: 52) • KG71:
Kastrakliy i Svinski Dol, Rhodopi Mts: 1000—1200 m (
Slivov & Nestorova, 1985: 133) • KG75:
Peshtera [Town], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District, 42.03333N, 24.3E: [400 m] (
Markowitsch, 1910: 81) • KG80:
Trigrad [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.6N, 24.383E: 1100—1200 m (
Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • KG81:
Chairska Reka [River], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District (
Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • KG82:
Devin [Town], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.733N, 24.4E: [800 m] (
Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • KG83:
Fotinovo [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Pazardzhik District, 41.883N, 24.35E: [1000 m] (
Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • KG91:
Karlak [Peak], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District (
Markowitsch, 1923: 124) • KG91:
Shiroka Laka [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.683N, 24.583E: [1000 m] (
Markowitsch, 1923: 124) • KG92:
Zabardo [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.783N, 24.6E: [1000 m] (
Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • LG00:
Smolyan [Town], 41.585N, 24.692E: [1000 m] (
Iltschew, 1915: 163) • LG01:
Murgavets [Peak], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District (
Iltschew, 1915: 163) • LG02:
Chepelare [Town], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.733N, 24.683E: [1000 m] (
Iltschew, 1915: 163) • LG03:
Hvoyna [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Smolyan District, 41.86666N, 24.68333E: [700 m] (
Iltschew, 1915: 163) • LG04:
Koshutek, Rhodopi Mts (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • LG13:
Mina Persenk, Rhodopi Mts: [900 m] (
Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • LG14:
Narechenski Bani [Village], Rhodopi Mts, Plovdiv District, 41.9N, 24.75E: [500 m] (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • LG24:
Chervenata Stena, Rhodopi Mts, Plovdiv District (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 169) • LH04:
Kozya Stena, Stara Planina Range: [1000 m] (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • LH12:
Nezabravka Chalet, Stara Planina Range (
Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • LH22:
Ray Chalet, Stara Planina Range: 800 m (
Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • LH23:
Botev Peak, Stara Planina Range: 2000 m (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • LH23:
Zhaltets Peak, Stara Planina Range: 1800—2000 m (
Abadjiev, 2001: 53) • LH33:
Rusaliyski Prohod, [Pass], Stara Planina Range (
Buresch, 1940: 245) • LH63:
Shipchenski Prohod [Pass], Stara Zagora District: 1300 m (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • LH64:
Gabrovo [Town], 42.875N, 25.334E: [400 m] (
Eisner, 1957b: 196) • LH82:
Borushtitsa, Stara Planina Range (
Buresch & Tuleschkow, 1929: 168) • MH13:
Chumerna [Peak], Stara Planina Range, Sliven District: [1100 m] (
Tschorbadjiew, 1919: 182) • MH42:
Sliven [Town], 42.686N, 26.329E: [300 m] (
Tschorbadjiew, 1919: 182) • MH43:
Kutelka [Place], Sliven District: [900 m] (
Rebel, 1903: 158) • MH54:
Kotel [Town], Sliven District, 42.883N, 26.45E: [500 m] (
Bachmetjew, 1902: 397).
UTM map of the known distribution of Parnassius apollo in Bulgaria.