Margarita Georgieva
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3165-1992; Katia Trencheva
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5406-9140; Maria Dobreva; Mihaela Hristova
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6511-9621; Vasil Velinov; Georgi Georgiev
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-2597
2 May 2024 ·
volume 46 · (
issue 5) · pp. 139–145 ·
PDF [full text]
Abstract: The current study reports the first records of an aphid-like pest and leaf pathogen on oak species in Bulgaria. In 2020–2023, leaf samples presenting characteristic yellow spots and lesions were collected from mature trees of Quercus petraea, Q. cerris, Q. frainetto and Q. robur in different localities of the country. Damage caused by oak obligate leaf pathogen Microstroma album, the leaf phylloxera, Phylloxera glabra, and the oak lace bug, Corythucha arcuata were identified on the lower surface of oak leaves. M. album was identified on all studied Quercus species. Angular white patches, the fruiting stage of the fungus, appeared on the lower surfaces of the leaves. P. glabra caused yellowish mosaic discoloration on the leaf surface of Quercus cerris, Q. frainetto and Q. pertaea. Sucking damage displayed a stippled pattern of yellow, brown, or whitish dots. In places where M. album develops, the invasive oak lace bug was often found as the only sucking species on oak leaves, which is most likely also a vector of the disease. Severe damage caused by established both obligate pathogen (M. album) and sucking insect pests (P. glabra, C. arcuata) could result in a weakening of the oak trees. On sufficiently weakened trees, secondary fungal pathogens or boring insects, commonly infested oak trees, can cause their death.
Keywords: Corythucha arcuata, Eastern Balkans, oak leaf phylloxera, obligate tree pathogens, new records, plant parasite fungi, Quercus
References [25]
Blackman R.L., Eastop V.F. 2000 Aphids on the World’s Crops: An Identification and Information Guide, Second edition. The Natural History Museum, Wiley, London, 476 pp.
Blackman R.L., Eastop V.F. 2021 Aphids on the World’s Plants: An online identification and information guide. http://www.aphidsonworldsplants.info/.
Dobreva M., Simov N., Georgiev G., Mirchev P., Georgieva M. 2013 First Record of Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) on Balkan Peninsula. Acta zoologica bulgarica 65 (3): 409–412.
Eichhorn J., Roskams P., Potočić N., Timmermann V., Ferretti M., Mues V., Szepesi A., Durrant D., Seletković I., Schröck H.-W., Nevalainen S., Bussotti F., Garcia P., Wulff S. 2020 Part IV: Visual assessment of crown condition and damaging agents. In: UNECE ICP Forests Programme Coordinating Centre. Manual on methods and criteria for harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests. Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Eberswalde, Germany, Annex. http://www.icp-forests.org/manual.htm.
Ellis W.N. 2022 Phylloxera glabra (von Heyden, 1837). In: Plant Parasites of Europe – leafminers, galls and fungi. Last modified 21.vi.2022. https://bladmineerders.nl/parasites/animalia/arthropoda/insecta/hemiptera/sternorrhyncha/phylloxeroidea/phylloxeridae/phylloxera/phylloxera-glabra/.
Fodor E., Hâruța O. 2014 Microstoma album (Desm.) Sacc. and Microstoma juglans (Berenger) Sacc. in North Western Romania. Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula Protecţia Mediului 13: 427–438.
Foottit R.G., Richards W.R. 1993 The Insects and Arachnids of Canada. Part 22. The Genera of the Aphids of Canada (Homoptera: Aphidoidea and Phylloxeroidea). Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publication 1885, 766 pp.
Georgiev G., Georgieva M., Mirchev P., Zhiyanski M. 2017 Main insect pests and fungal pathogens on tree and shrub vegetation in urban ecosystems. Hlorind Ltd, Sofia, 54 pp.
Halperin J., Binazzi A., Swirski E. 1988 Aphids of forest and ornamental trees and shrubs of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 12: 27–44.
Keremidčiev M. 1965 Etude de la faune entomologique d’après le type chênaies dans la Stara planina Orientale. Gorskostopanska nauka (Forest Science) 2 (3): 205–217. (In Bulgarian)
Lubiarz M. 2007 Life cycle and number dynamics of Phylloxera sp. on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) in industrial and protected areas. Aphids and other Hemipterous Insects 13: 137–144.
Ripka G., Reider K., Szalay-Marzsó L. 1998 New data to the knowledge of the aphid fauna (Homoptera: Aphidoidea) on ornametal trees and shrubs in Hungary. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 33: 153–171.
Rossnev B., Petkov P. 2000 Health status and pathological problems in the oak forest of North-Eastern Bulgaria. In: Pipkov N., Zhelev P., Draganova I. (eds) Proceedings ‘75 years of Higher Forestry Education in Bulgaria’, Sofia, 109–114. (In Bulgarian)
Rossnev B., Mirchev P., Petkov P., Georgiev G., Tsakov H., Stoykov H., Petrov Y., Naidenov Y., Hristov H., Matova M., Georgieva M., Kirilova M. 2006 State of Quercus cerris forests in Bulgaria and measures for their improvement. Silvika Foundation, Sofia, 120 pp. (In Bulgarian)
Rossnev B., Petkov P., Georgieva M. 2010 Investigations on the health status of tree species from genus Quercus (Q. rubra, Q. petraea, Q. frainetto, Q. cerris) in Middle and East Balkan Range. Nauka za gorata (Forest Science) 46 (3): 3–16. (In Bulgarian)
Simov N., Grozeva S., Langourov M., Georgieva M., Mirchev P., Georgiev G. 2018 Rapid expansion of the Oak lace bug Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Bulgaria. Historia naturalis bulgarica 27: 51–55.
Sunde R.G. 1984 New records of plant pests in New Zealand 4. 7 aphid species (Homoptera: Aphidoidea). New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 27 (4): 575–579.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1984.10418021Swiecki T.J., Bernhardt E.A. 2006 A Field Guide to Insects and Diseases of California Oaks. Gen. Tech Rep. PSW-GTR-197. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 151 pp.
Tsankov G., Mirchev P., Georgiev G. 1997 Species composition and structure of pest insects in the oak forests in Bulgaria. Acta entomologica bulgarica 1–2: 66–69. (In Bulgarian)
Wieczorek K., Fulcher T.K., Chłond D. 2019 The composition of the aphid fauna (Insecta, Hemiptera) of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Scientific Reports 9: 10000.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46441-zWojciechowski W., Depa Ł., Halgoš J., Matečný I., Lukáš J., Kanturski M. 2016 Aphids of Slovakia. Comenius University, Bratislava, 344 pp.
Zlatanov S. 1960 A newly established pest (Phyloxera spinulosa) on Turkey oak in the field protective forest belts. Bulletin for scientific and production information of the Dobrudzha Agricultural Research Institute 2: 28–30. (In Bulgarian)
Zlatanov S. 1964 Leaf phylloxera on Turkey oak. Gorsko stopanstvo 7: 16–19. (In Bulgarian)
Zlatanov S. 1968 Untersuchungen über die Schadinsekten in unterschiedlichen Typen von Eichenwäldern im Strandsha-Gebirge. Gorskostopanska nauka (Forest Science) 5 (2): 67–77. (In Bulgarian)
Zlatanov S. 1971 Insect pests on oaks in Bulgaria. Publishing House of BAS, Sofia, 252 pp. (In Bulgarian)